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Parathyroidectomy (pair-uh-thie-roid-EK-tuh-me) is surgery to remove one or more of the parathyroid glands or a tumor that's affecting a parathyroid gland. Parathyroid (pair-uh-THIE-roid) glands are four tiny structures, each about the size of a grain of rice. They are located behind the thyroid at the bottom of the neck. These glands make parathyroid hormone. That hormone helps keep the right balance of calcium in the bloodstream, as well as in body tissues that need calcium to work correctly. Parathyroid hormone is essential for nerves and muscles to work properly and for bones to be healthy. Parathyroidectomy often is done to treat overactive parathyroid glands, a condition called hyperparathyroidism (hi-pur-pair-uh-THIE-roy-diz-um). In many cases, only one of the parathyroid glands need to be removed to effectively treat hyperparathyroidism

Thyroidectomy is the surgical removal of all or part of your thyroid gland. Your thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of your neck. It makes hormones that control every part of your metabolism, from your heart rate to how quickly you burn calories. Health care providers perform thyroidectomy to treat thyroid disorders. These include cancer, noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid (goiter) and overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). How much of your thyroid gland is removed during thyroidectomy depends on the reason for the surgery. If you need only part of your thyroid removed (partial thyroidectomy), your thyroid may work normally after surgery. If you need your entire thyroid removed (total thyroidectomy), you need daily treatment with thyroid hormone to replace your thyroid's natural function

A resection removes the damaged or diseased portion your small bowel (intestine). The procedure is also known as a small intestine resection. Some surgeries remove a small part, while other resections are more extensive sections. Your small bowel is 20 to 30 feet long. Small bowel resection is surgery to remove a part of your small bowel. It is done when part of your small bowel is blocked or diseased. The small bowel is also called the small intestine. Most digestion (breaking down and absorbing nutrients) of the food you eat takes place in the small intestine.